• The GLU Epac transgenic mouse

  2022-02-21

  

  The GLU-Epac transgenic mouse enabled us to monitor cAMP responses to GPR119 ligands in individual primary cultured L-cells. Not all L-cells were found to be responsive to AR231453, suggesting there may be a subpopulation of L-cells that do not express functional GPR119. There was a tendency for sma

• The average pregnancy rate in this work was similar

  2022-02-21

  

  The average pregnancy rate in this work was 60.1%; similar results have been reported with the same estrus synchronization treatment (58% pregnancy rate) [26]. Later studies also showed that the pregnancy rate was 56.9 and 51.1%, with FTAI and estrous detection, respectively [34,35]. Although that t

• Experimental section br Results and discussion br Conclusion

  2022-02-21

  

  Experimental section Results and discussion Conclusion In summary, we have developed a fluoresence method to sensitively detect hAAG on the basis of TdT-activated Endo IV-assisted hyperbranched amplification. This method shows the following advantages: (1) the combination of TdT-mediated exte

• To verify the feasibility of the

  2022-02-21

  

  To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, EIS is firstly adopted to study the modification processes of the electrode. As shown in Fig. 1A, the nyquist plot of bare gold electrode exhibits a straight line, which indicates a fast charge transfer process (curve a). After modified with probe a,

• However the GPR R H polymorphism was

  2022-02-18

  

  However, the GPR40 R211H polymorphism was reported to affect the variation of insulin secretory capacity in other ethnic groups. The allele frequency of H211 in Japanese was 78.4%.102, 103 By comparing clinical and metabolic parameters among Japanese men, Ogawa et al. found that histidine homozygote

• br Methods GLUT DS was diagnosed either when analysis

  2022-02-18

  

  Methods GLUT1DS was diagnosed either when analysis of the SLC2A1 gene showed a pathogenic mutation and/or when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis met the criteria for GLUT1DS: a CSF GSK591 below the 10th percentile, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to blood ratio below the 25th percentile and CSF lac

• br Introduction Maintaining blood glucose within an appropri

  2022-02-18

  

  Introduction Maintaining blood glucose within an appropriate range is crucial for survival. In diabetes, those who suffer episodes of severe hypoglycemia have an increased risk of death [1], [2]. The trans-4-Hydroxycrotonic acid is especially dependent on an adequate, continuous supply of circul

• 134 4 Immunohistochemistry analysis shown ghrelin and

  2022-02-18

  

  Immunohistochemistry analysis shown ghrelin and GHSR-1a immunostaining was located in the epithelial cells of 134 4 and ducts throughout the lactation, strong immunoreactive cells were detected in L30, L60 and L120 stage. The distribution of ghrelin has been shown in many tissues, including mammary

• Cytokines and hormones influence both gap junctions and

  2022-02-18

  

  Cytokines and hormones influence both gap junctions [106] and endocrine activity in the pituitary [3]. Long-term treatment (2 h) with the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (Il-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) transiently increases Cx43 expression and cell coupling in TtT/GF BADGE [105

• br GSMs Secretase cleavage of

  2022-02-18

  

  GSMs γ-Secretase cleavage of APP generates a number of Aβ peptides [32], [137]. In most cells Aβ1–37, 38, 39, and 42 are produced at low levels (typically each represents 5–20% of total Aβ detected) and the major species generated is Aβ1–40 (typically over 50% of total Aβ). Other Aβ peptides can

• br Conclusion In the present study we found that

  2022-02-18

  

  Conclusion In the present study, we found that the majority of commercially available antibodies and antibody-based tools against galanin and its receptors that we tested do not meet validation requirements. Therefore, critical validation of these tools by the user is essential before being used

• br Pathological consequences of disruption in

  2022-02-18

  

  Pathological consequences of disruption in the GABA/T current equilibrium This issue has been particularly investigated in the context of absence seizures. These seizures are non-convulsive epileptic attacks present in many generalized genetic epilepsies that are characterized by a sudden and rel

• br Competing interests br Authors contributions br

  2022-02-18

  

  Competing interests Authors contributions Transparency document Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may further progress to liver cirrhosis and liver carcinoma

• br Short Communication Free fatty acid receptors FFAR

  2022-02-18

  

  Short Communication Free fatty bryostatin receptor receptors (FFAR) play significant roles in energy metabolism (Brown et al., 2005; Ichimura et al., 2009). The receptor FFAR1 is involved in insulin secretion in humans (Meidute Abaraviciene et al., 2013). Activation of the receptor FFAR2 increas

• br Author contributions br Conflict of interests

  2022-02-18

  

  Author contributions Conflict of interests Acknowledgements This work was supported by NIH grant DK098730 to NHM. Free fatty acids play important roles in biological processes contributing to both health and disease. As essential nutritional components, free fatty acids are utilized as b

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